The fact that some societies domesticated animals and plants, discovered the use of metal tools, became literate, and developed a state should not make us forget that others developed pastoralism or horticulture (vegetable gardening) but remained illiterate and at low levels of productivity; a few entered the modern period as hunting and gathering societies. (TPO21, 54)
domesticate /d?'mest?ke?t/ v. 驯养(动物)
literate /'l?t?r?t/ adj. 有读写能力的;有文化的
pastoralism /'p?st?r?l?z?m/ n. 田园主义(风格)，畜牧主义
horticulture /'h??t?,k?lt??/ n. 园艺，园艺学
The fact (that some societies domesticated animals and plants, discovered the use of metal tools, became literate, and developed a state) should not make us forget (that others developed pastoralism or horticulture (vegetable gardening) but remained illiterate and at low levels of productivity); a few entered the modern period (as hunting and gathering societies.) (TPO21, 54)
分析：
这个句子的主干就是：
The fact should not makeus forget
修饰一：that others developed pastoralism or horticulture (vegetable gardening) but remained illiterate and at low levels of productivity，从句
从句中还有一个A but B结构，要注意
中文：其它社会虽然发展了畜牧或园艺(蔬菜园艺)，但依然没有文化并且生产力低下
修饰二：(that some societies domesticate danimals and plants, discovered the use of metal tools, became literate, and developed a state) ，从句，修饰fact。
这个同位语从句很长，其中一个并列结构：A, B, C, and D，这个从句把这个句子的主谓隔开了，大家注意断句
中文：一些社会驯养动植物、发现金属工具的用处、变得有文化以及发展出了一个国家
修饰三：(as hunting and gathering societies.)，介词短语
中文：以狩猎和采集的社会
参考翻译：
一些社会驯养动植物、发现金属工具的用处、变得有文化以及发展出了一个国家，这样一个事实不应该使我们忘记：其它社会虽然发展了畜牧或园艺(蔬菜园艺)，但依然没有文化并且生产力低下;少数以狩猎和采集的社会进入了现代时期。
这个句子的主要修饰成分就是介词短语和从句，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。