When a human infant is born into any community in any part
of the world it has two things in common with any infant, pro- __1__
vided neither of them have been damaged in any way either be- __2__
fore or during birth. Firstly, and most obviously, newborn children
are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful capacity to
pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing __3__
the newborn child can do to ensure his own survival. Without
care from some other human being or beings, be it mother,
grandmother, or human group, a child is very unlikely to survive.
This helplessness of human infants is in marked contrast
with the capacity of many newborn animals to get on their feet __4__
within minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few
hours. Although young animals are certainly in risk, sometimes __5__
for weeks or even months after birth, compared with the human
infant they very quickly develop the capacity to fend for them. __6__
It is during this very long period in which the human infant
is totally dependent on the others that is reveals the second fea- __7__
ture which is shares with all other undamaged human infants, a
capacity to learn language. For this reason, biologists now sug-
gest that language be “species-specific ” to the human race, that is __8__
to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed __9__
in such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies __10__
that just as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally
and in color, and just as they are designed t stand upright
rather than to move on all fours, so they are designed to learn
and use language as part of their normal development as well-formed
human beings.
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