5）罗列（）
e.g. If someone is said to have “a chip on his shoulder”， he is angry， pugnacious， sullen， and looking for trouble.
The word pugnacious in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.
A. friendly
B. aggressive
C. sociable
D. responsible
6）举例 （like， such as， for example， for instance）
e.g. However， for outdoor enthusiasts who want to get far from civilization， choosing camping paraphernalia such as tents， sleeping bags， cooking implements and other supplies should be done with care.
The word paraphernalia in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.
A. friendly
B. aggressive
C. sociable
D. responsible
7）对比／比较（but， however， whereas， on the other hand， despite， in spite of ， or， rather， alternatively， nevertheless， unlike， while， conversely， in contrast， instead， on the contrary， differently）
e.g. The campanile is chiefly a medieval form of Italian architecture. Built in connection with a church or town hall， it served as a belfry， watchtower， and sometimes a civil monument. Unlike other bell towers that are attached to buildings， the campanile generally stand s as detached unit.
The word campanile in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.
A. church
B. town hall
C. tower
D. unit
8）标点符号（，－ （） ‘’ “” ［］）
e.g. At the age of 19， Galileo discovered isochronism—the principle in which each oscillation of a pendulum takes the same time despite changes in amplitude.
The word campanile in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.
A. a principle
B. an oscillation
C. a pendulum
D. an amplitude