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ing分词用法归纳

Source: 恒星英语学习网  Onion  2010-12-16  我要投稿   论坛   Favorite  

 

3. -ing分词的句法功能

-ing分词具有动词的一些特征,可带自己的宾语或状语,从而一起构成动词—ing 形式的短语。这个动词—ing 形式短语具有名词、形容词及副词的性质,在句子中,可做句子的主语、宾语、宾语的补足语、表语、同位语、定语及状语等成分。

(1) 作主语

-ing分词短语放在句子的前面做主语,但当-ing分词短语较长时,为了使句子保持平衡,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放到句子的末尾。如:

Reading makes a man perfect. 阅读使人完美。

Crying over spilt milk is no use. —It is no use crying over spilt milk. 牛奶倒了,哭也无益。

-ing分词做真正的主语时常用于句型:It is no use doing…/ It is no good doing… / It is useless doing…/ It is worthwhile doing…如:

It is no good reading in the sun. 在阳光下看书是不好的。

It is useless remembering words only. 只记单词是没有用的。

(2) 作宾语

-ing分词既可做某些动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。

a. -ing分词并不是做所有及物动词的宾语,而是只能做某些及物动词的宾语,如:admit, advise, allow, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, fancy, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, keep, pardon, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, resist, risk, suggest, stop及下列短语动词的宾语: carry on, can’t help, feel like, give up, keep on, put off, set about, object to, insist on, prevent from, pay attention to, stick to, refer to, get down to, look forwards to, devote…to, be / get used to, lead to。如(from www.hxen.com):

I dislike playing cards. 我不喜欢打牌。

He enjoys reading stories. 她喜欢读故事。

He got down to working as soon as he got to the office. 他一进入办公室就开始工作。

b. 下列动词或形容词: want, require, need, deserve, worth带-ing分词作宾语时,主动形式表被动意义。如:

The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。

The house requires repairing at once. 这座房子需要马上维修。

c. 介词除besides, but, except接不定式外,一般都须接-ing分词作宾语。如:

You must finish your work before going to the concert. 你必须在去听音乐演唱会之前必须把工作完成。

On seeing her mother, the little girl began to cry out. 这个小女孩一看见她的母亲就大哭了起来。

(3) 作表语

-ing分词作表语时,有两种情况,一方面,当-ing分词具有名词性质时,-ing分词短语说明主语的内容;另一方面,当-ing分词具有形容词性质时,-ing分词说明主语的性质或特征。如:

His job is teaching English. 他的工作是教英语。(说明工作的内容)

His job is interesting. 他的工作很有趣。(说明工作的特征)

注意:当-ing分词的动作是主语所发出的时,句子不是系表结构,而是动词现在进行时。如:

He is teaching Japanese at that school. 他在那所学校教日语。(现在进行时)

(4) 作宾语的补足语

下列动词可接-ing分词作宾语的补足语。

a. 感、知觉动词:feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe, sense, see, watch 可接-ing分词作宾语的补足语。如:

I heard her singing in the next door? 当时我听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?

I watched them playing volleyball on the playing ground. 我观看他们在操场上打排球。

b. 动词find, get, have, keep, leave, send,suggest可接-ing分词作宾语的补足语。如:

I found the missing boy playing by the river. 我发现那个失踪的男孩在河边玩。

Don’t have your guest standing there and ask him to sit down. 不要让客人站在那里, 请他入坐。


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