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不定式做表语
①不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。如：
To do two things at a time is to do neither. 一次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。
②如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。如：
To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living. 工作就是为了生活。
③如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。如：
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. 他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
2.The law will require Americans to have health insurance, with a few exceptions, or pay a fine starting in four years.
with a few exceptions有一些例外
介词besides,but,except的用法区别
1)三者都可表示“除外”，但 besides 表示一种累加关系，意指“除了什么之外，还有……”；而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有……”。如：
Besides his wife，his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。
Nobody went to see him except [but] his wife. 除他妻子外，没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。
注：在否定句中，besides 也表示“除……之外不再有…… ”，与but, except 同义。如：
No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外，没一个人通过考试。
2)关于 but 与 except：
(1) 两者都可表示“除……外不再有……”，但含义上略有差别：but侧重指意义的几乎完整性，而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较：
All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。
All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。
(2) 在现代英语中，but 的介词用法十分有限，一般说来，它只能用在下列词语之后：
① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等
② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等
③ every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等
④ all, none 等
⑤ who, what, where 等
Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。
I haven’t told anybody but you. 除你之外，我没告诉任何人。
No one but he [him] showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。
一般说来，若没有出现上述词汇，就不宜使用介词 but，否则可能造成错句。但是 except 却没有以上限制。比较：
正：The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外，这扇窗户从不打开。
误：The window is never opened but in summer.
(3) but 一定不能用于句首，except 通常不用于句首：
除我之外每个人都累了。
3.The idea is that competition among plans will drive down costs.
drive down压低
The corporate giants try to drive down wages in order to make superprofits.
公司巨头们企图压低工资以获得超额利润。
4.He says the new law gets the issue of health reform moving.
get后面是宾语，宾语补足语
