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1.To critics he’s a military hardliner, who has presided over a brutal crackdown on dissent。

preside over 主持（会议、仪式等）; 管理，对（某事物）负有责任;
例句：But the prize is even greater: the chance to run europe's biggest city and preside over a high-profile sporting event in the summer.
但奖励倒是十分诱人：有机会处理欧洲最大的城市的种种事务并且有机会可以高调主持在夏季召开的体育赛事。

2. But that does not mean that Russia can run roughshod over its neighbours.

roughshod over 践踏;
例句：Recent revelations suggest that many lenders rode roughshod over legal niceties to push delinquent borrowers out of their homes.
最近被揭露的真相表明许多放款者践踏法律条令让无力偿还的借款人搬出他们的房屋。