CNN news 2010-06-20 加文本

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例句：They made substantial changes to the arrangements.
      他们在安排上作了重大变动。

adj.实质的, 基本的, 大体上的

例句：The two stories were in substantial agreement.
      这两则故事大体上一致。

2.obligation n.义务; 责任; 职责

例句：His social obligation compels him to make a round of visits.
      他的社会职责使得他不得不进行一系列访问。

3.commit v.承诺; 使自己受约束

例句：Asked if he was a candidate, he refused to commit himself.
      当问到他是不是候选人时, 他不置可否。

      He has committed himself to support them.
      他答应负担他们的生活。

4.traumatize vt.使受损伤,使受精神上创伤

5.deter vt.阻止;制止

例句：Don’t let failure deter you.
      别让失败把你吓倒。